{"id":1188,"date":"2022-10-20T13:52:29","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T05:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/365cps.org.sg\/resourcehub\/?page_id=1188"},"modified":"2023-08-10T15:16:14","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T07:16:14","slug":"cancer-risk","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/365cps.org.sg\/resourcehub\/cancer-prevention\/cancer-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"Cancer Risk"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”214″ bg_position=”center top” background_image_loading=”default” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”8%” constrain_group_1=”yes” bottom_padding=”8%” left_padding_desktop=”10%” constrain_group_2=”yes” right_padding_desktop=”10%” top_padding_tablet=”25%” text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” 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What Causes Cancer?<\/h3>\n

Cancer develops through a combination of an individual\u2019s genetic factors and external carcinogenic (cancer-causing) factors (World Health Organization, 2022). Here are some factors which are associated with greater cancer risk.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]<\/a>[vc_column_text]\n

Gender<\/h3>\n

While males are generally at greater risk of contracting (and dying from) cancer compared to females, the gender gap for both cancer incidence and mortality has narrowed over the years. Females are also as likely to contract and die from cancer (National Registry of Diseases Office, 2022).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]<\/a>[vc_column_text]\n

Age<\/h3>\n

There is a growing proportion of cancer diagnoses for older age groups. From 1968-1972 to 2016-2020, cancer diagnoses among individuals aged 70 and above increased from 15.7% to 43.2% for males, and 17% to 33.4% for females.
\nThe median age of cancer diagnosis had also increased; from 59.6 to 68.1 years for males; and 57.3 to 63.3 years for females (National Registry of Diseases Office, 2022).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]<\/a>[vc_column_text]\n

Weight<\/h3>\n

Weight gain and body fatness throughout one\u2019s lifetime mainly depend on excess food consumption and physical inactivity to some extent. Individuals with excess body fat have up to a 9% higher risk of contracting various cancers such as colon, rectum, and breast cancer (Lauby-Secretan et al., 2016).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]<\/a>[vc_column_text]\n

Genetic Makeup<\/h3>\n

Up to 10% of cancers can be attributed to inheritable faulty genes. Hence, certain individuals and their family members
\nare at greater risk of specific cancers, like colorectal cancer, than the average population (National Cancer Institute, 2022a).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]<\/a>[vc_column_text]\n

Comorbidities<\/h3>\n

Eight types of chronic diseases were linked to a statistically greater risk of incident cancer. A combination of cardiovascular disease markers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease markers, pulmonary disease, and gouty arthritis markers was associated with significant cancer risk (Tu et al., 2018).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]<\/a>[vc_column_text]\n

Lifestyle Choices<\/h3>\n

Lifestyle factors could also contribute to greater cancer risk. Below are some possible factors:<\/p>\n